Preheat the oven to 350°F. Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Cut the biscuit dough into quarters and spread evenly in the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
In a large skillet over medium heat, cook the breakfast sausage until browned and crumbled. Drain excess grease if necessary.
Sprinkle the flour over the cooked sausage and stir to combine. Gradually add the milk, stirring constantly until the mixture thickens and bubbles. Add garlic powder, onion powder, black pepper, and salt. Remove from heat.
In a bowl, whisk together the eggs and pour over the biscuit layer in the baking dish. Pour the sausage gravy mixture evenly over the biscuits.
Sprinkle the shredded cheddar cheese on top.
Bake for 30-35 minutes, or until the casserole is set and the top is golden brown. Let it cool for 5 minutes before serving.